The Roles of Women in Medieval Scandinavia Essay - 4028 Words

When people think about Medieval Scandinavia they usually think about a cold northern region inhabited by a warrior people who spend all of their time sailing around in Viking warships and plundering from one another or going to war with their neighbors. While our archaeological evidence from this period may be rather scarce, many cite the Scandinavian pagan religions as a evidence of this warrior society due to the fact that men were encouraged to fight in order to be chosen by the gods to live in Valhalla, the pagan equivalent, loosely equivalent, of heaven. However, this only accounts for the men of the society, and no society can continue if it consists only of men. Were the women as concerned with war as their male comrades? Recent†¦show more content†¦Norse pagan lore is rife with female characters that challenge their male counterparts and take tasks upon themselves rather than simply leaving them to men, in some cases of pagan myth, the female characters even partici pate in battles. Scandinavian society itself also contributed to allotment of power into female hands. Due to societal expectations, in order to advance in society the Scandinavian man was required to find a wife and produce offspring; however, due to the overall scarcity of women only a small number of men could achieve this and the rest were forced to look elsewhere for brides, these men were the Vikings who raided other lands and countries not merely to find wealth but also to find themselves wives. All of this evidence culminates in the fact that women in Scandinavia held a very different position than was previously believed and one such woman who is an exceptional example of the utilization of this power is Margaret I, Queen of Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. For these reasons we are lead to believe that there existed an expected realm of responsibility for both men and women throughout medieval Scandinavian society; however it also seems to have been expected that some women wou ld go beyond these social limitations in order to take power and occasionally even participate in battle, andShow MoreRelatedThe Origins Of The Viking Age1174 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the most interesting times in medieval history is the era known as the Viking Age. When these fierce sea-borne raiders rummaged and plundered European sea ports of their valuables and treasures. These Scandinavian inhabitants were known to most of the world as a barbaric group, when in reality, there style of attacking had more skill than the world had seen. They struck fear and intimidation into their victims and made the whole European seaboard quake in angst for their arrival. Not onlyRead MoreRepresentations Of Women And Women1539 Words   |  7 Pagesfragments of the Oseberg tapestry. The textile fragments show human-esque figures that appear to be either standing in front of spears or holding them and who wear clothing that is closely representative of long dresses which were worn by Viking Age women. Some apparently female figures are also holding swords. The Oseberg tapestry is difficult to interpret, but it has been suggested that its imagery may represent a procession of some sort, perhaps one that occurred as part of a funeral. Jesch hasRead MoreReligious Beliefs And Practices Of The Norse1931 Words   |  8 PagesSpanning from the medieval time period to the 17th century; Norse religious beliefs and practices as well as witchcraft were, however often overlooked by historians in order to focus on witchcraft that took place in European countries like Germany or England. Many of the beliefs of the Norse and the practices of witchcraft were similar to their European counterparts but they also differed as well. The stereotype of women being witches was common in Europe as well as in Scandinavia. Many scholarsRead MoreThe Reign Of The Byzantine Empire1347 Words   |  6 PagesByzantine emperors were more powerful than previous Roman emperors because the Byzantine emperors inherited imperial law, which were only provincial forms of Roman law that survived in the west. Also, the emperors were able to transition smoothly into the role of all powerful Christian monarchs. 2) The Byzantine Empire post 600 CE can be categorized as a beleaguered empire because they only had a single ruler who endowed with supreme legal and religious authority was able to prevent the breakup of theRead More Vikings Essay5328 Words   |  22 Pagesinnovators. More than anything, they were excellent traders who connected peoples from Baghdad to Scandinavia to the mainland of North America.quot; (http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/02/0217_040217_vikings.html) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The definition of the word quot;Vikingquot; is highly disputed. The definitions range from â€Å"pirate†, describing the actions of the raiders from Scandinavia; some say it is a reference to the people from Viken (Oslo Fjord); still others use the wordRead MoreEastern Christendom : Building On The Roman Past Essay2059 Words   |  9 Pagescould be translated †¢ The Conversion of Russia o More significant expansion of Orthodox Christianity occurred in western Russia o Kievan Rus developed around the Slavic people o Kievan Rus focused on traded along the Dnieper River, which connect Scandinavia and Byzantium o Similar to many other third-wave civilizations o Ruler of the state, Vladimir of Kiev in the 10th century had to choose a major religion to unify people o He chose Byzantium and acquired a bride and multiple priests o Acquired manyRead MoreThe Eighteenth Century : Age Of Enlightenment2647 Words   |  11 Pages Later Enlightenment: Rousseau and the Social Contract: -Did romanticism focus on how human emotion aids or depreciates the value of reason and rational thought? Woman’s Question in Enlightenment: -How did men respond to women’s roles in thinking and creating ideas? Social Environment of Philosophes: -Where these meetings in secret or open to anyone? Culture and Society Enlightenment: Innovations in Art, Music, and Literature: The Development ofRead MoreAnglo-Saxon Heroic Poetry5673 Words   |  23 Pagesthat Beowulf depicts and the heroic code of honor that defines much of the story, is a relic of pre-Anglo-Saxon culture. The story is set in Scandinavia, before the migration. Though it is a traditional story--part of a Germanic oral tradition--the poem as we have it is thought to be the work of a single poet. It was composed in England (not in Scandinavia) and is historical in its perspective, recording the values and culture of a bygone era. Many of those values, including the heroic code, wereRead MoreAviation Geography7450 Words   |  30 Pagesarchaeological finds in many places in the United Arab Emirates prove that a great civilization has prospered in this area dating back to about 4,000 BC and that this civilization had contacts and exchange with other neighboring civilizations.   In medieval history this area, consisting of parts of the Arabian Peninsula, was the domicile of Arab tribes. After the Greeks, several attempts were made by the Romans to dominate the Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula but all of them failed and vanished inRead MoreNatural Dyes11205 Words   |  45 Pagestheir textiles using common, locally available materials, but scarce dyestuffs that produced brilliant and permanent colors such as the natural invertebrate dyes Tyrian purple and crimson kermes became highly prized luxury items in the ancient and medieval world. Plant-based dyes such as woad, indigo, saffron, and madder were raised commercially and were important trade goods in the economies of Asia and Europe. Across Asia and Africa, patterned fabrics were produced using resist dyeing techniques

The Issue Of Bargaining Over Position - 1318 Words

Negotiation is part of everyday life, and we use it to get something that we want from other people. The â€Å"problem† that Roger Fisher and William Ury refer to is the issue of bargaining over position. When we argue over positions, it produces undesirable outcomes. In negotiations, people tend to pay attention to the position, and not the underlying concerns of both parties. This is not only inefficient, but it can also lead to strained relationships between two parties. â€Å"Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In† by Fisher and Ury is a step by step guide to negotiating using a method known as â€Å"principled negotiations.† In principled negotiation, you and the other party are seen as the problem solvers rather than adversaries. The goal of principled negotiation is always to reach an outcome â€Å"efficiently and amicably.† The Method Every negotiation will involve people, and Fisher and Ury make it very clear that people are not perfect. While some may be good communicators, others may not be good listeners on the receiving end. We have our own interests and goals, in which we tend to see from our point of view. According to Fisher and Ury, the first step to a successful negotiation is to â€Å"separate the people from the problem.† The most common human problem that we face tends to be â€Å"perception, emotion and communication.† To prevent these problems from happening, the authors suggest that we â€Å"build a working relationship† and focus on the problem itself, not theShow MoreRelatedA Discussion On Positional Bargaining1399 Words   |  6 Pagesadversarial relationship. During negotiations, each party must determine what the position is that is farthest away from their original starting point, while still being favorable to their side (Colosi, 1983, Friedman, 1993, Post, 2009). Not only is each party responsible for presenting proposals reflecting their own position, but they are also responsible for presenting counterproposals based on both their position, and what the other party brings to the table. Through this exchange, it allows negotiatorsRead MoreStages and Strategies of Collective Bargaining1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe ILO Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining Convention (No. 98), 1949 describes collective bargaining as: Voluntary negotiation between employers or employers organizations and workers organizations, with a view to the regulation of terms and conditions of employment by collective agreements. Collective bargaining could also be defined as negotiations relating to terms of employment and conditions of work between an employer, a group of employers or an employers organization onRead MoreThe Union And Jane Represents The Business House1206 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction From this case, one very prominent issue is , labor negotiations. Collective bargaining or negotiation among labour unions and corporate houses develop a specialized area in the negotiation world. The only differentiating factors are legal and interpersonal aspects (Craver, n.d.). In this case there are two main negotiators or bargainers. Mark represents the union and Jane represents the business house. In this scenario, Mark is depicted as a tough and practical bargainer. JaneRead MoreCase Study 6-1 Surface Bargaining926 Words   |  4 PagesCase study 6-1 Surface Bargaining Based on the information provided and the court’s conclusion, the company was acting in good faith, utilizing the tool to flexibly and proactively to deal with the labor union. This is because the company met with the union at regular intervals without any anti-union intentions. Also, the company’s actions, during and after the negotiations, did not display any intentions of not concluding the bargaining agreement as claimed by the union (Kochan, 1980). In additionRead MoreRelationship Between Milk Market Participation Of Smallholder Households And Womens Intra Household Bargaining Power1652 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper, we study the relationship between the milk market participation of smallholder households and women`s intra-household bargaining power in Ethiopia. The main objective of integrating Ethiopian farmers into the market is to increase household income. Our data show that household income is indeed substantially higher in milk market participating hou seholds (101 versus 49 birr daily). This higher income of participating households is almost completely earned by selling raw milk to theRead MoreCase Study 5.2 - Are Teaching Assistants, Research Assistants, and Proctors Employees Under the Nlrb?1498 Words   |  6 Pageslevel, the bargaining power of the labor union would be far greater of teaching assistants and research assistants were unionized. The recognized employees—specifically instructors and researchers—of Yellowstone University are presumably unionized, and the addition of teaching and research assistants to the union rolls would give labor near complete control over the basic functions (research and instruction) of the university. In addition to providing the union with a much stronger bargaining positionRead MoreRobust Routers Job Offer Negotiation1187 Words   |  5 Pages In the simulation involving a negotiation over a job offer at Robust Routers, I played the role of the human resour ce director; Leigh Bultema, and my partner played the role of Joe Tech; the recent MBA graduate seeking permanent employment with the technology company. Joe is not in agreement with the terms of the original offer and would like to negotiate the terms of certain issues within the bargaining mix. One key issue Joe is negotiating is the relocation to Robust Routers headquartersRead MoreBusiness Law ( Negotiation And Conflict Management )1525 Words   |  7 Pagestwo sorts of structures, zero-sum and non-zero sum. Distributive bargaining is the approach to bargaining or negotiation that is used when the parties are trying to gain something in expense of others. As was mentioned in class, this structure of negotiation is like dividing a pie, a limited resource, by which one outcome could gain somebody by costing some one else. For example, if we have a pie and there are ten people negotiating over it, one might ask for half of that pie and that leaves the otherRead MoreRelationship Be tween Milk Market Participation1449 Words   |  6 PagesIn this chapter, we study the relationship between the milk market participation of smallholder households and women`s intra-household bargaining power in Ethiopia. Our data show that household income is indeed substantially higher in milk market participating households (101 versus 49 birr daily). This higher income of participating households is almost completely earned by selling raw milk to the market. The other way of receiving milk income -- processing raw milk into butter and cottage cheeseRead MoreIntegrative Negotiation1356 Words   |  6 Pages2011 Definition of Integrative bargaining states that; it is a negotiation between the parties when the parties are not experiencing a direct conflict over an issue and they want to be benefitted from discussions(Negotiations betweena union†¦,n.d.). Integrative negotiation is a process in which the party’s goal is to develop a result which is benefitted to both of them. Integrative bargaining is also known as win-win negotiation. Integrative bargaining is an alternate strategy to the

Value Based Leader free essay sample

Servant Leadership Value-Based Leadership: Challenges and Opportunity A Value Based Leader is someone that align an organization’s values, mission, and processes into one standard style of management. Although a Value-Based Leader has the mission of the organization in mind when developing a strategy plan he or she will still face challenges. There are six challenges in which today’s organizations face and they are Technology, Ethics, Globalization, Knowledge, Diversity and Change. I would like to focus on two challenges faced by leaders today which are Change and Technology. The core values of a leader within an organization often establish the pattern of the employees in which he or she will lead. Robert McDonald, COO of Proctor and Gamble, believes that it is important for a good Leaders to be a leader with purpose as well as character which could assist a leaders in dealing with today’s challenges. If a leader leads with a purpose for the organization, he or she will share a desire for a positive end result or set an attainable goal in which all involved will be determined to see the purpose fulfilled with maximum outcome. With Change so often an organization has to adjust to these changes in order to adapt to whatever changes that will affect the end results. Sometimes the change for an organization could be as major as a change in the economy or as simple as a change in a style trend. In a recent CNNMoney article fashion trend setter Abercrombie Fitch had a fall out due to declining sales. It was suggested that the companies challenges were due to macroeconomic conditions. Abercrombie clients are trendy teenagers and Twitter followers which snub the company due to a fall out of a popular teen idle which resulted in a drop in sales and a desire for the popular clothing line. It’s amazing that something as simple as a twit could affect the increase or decline in sales of a major organization. In this case, a Value-Based leader would have to adjust to this change by assessing the current strategy, vision and the mission of the organization to better understand and support the changing trend of the current market. It’s not always easy to continue to do business as usual when the market has shifted but the organization has failed to adjust to these changes. This will have negative fallout for any company not willing to adjust and adapt. In the case of Abercrombie Fitch, the role of a Servant Leader in this organization could be a benefit because the Servant leader would have the potential add value to this organization to ensure the success of the stakeholder by developing a new strategy plan. The twenty first century competency that would use in this situation would be a person with Cognitive skills and ability such as oral communication and to be able to solve the problems between Abercrombie and the needs of the changing market. Another challenge faced by today’s Value-Based Leadership is Technology. Technology could be defined in various ways within an organization to include Information Technology, cell phones, barcode scanners as well as DVD recorders. Technology within an organization has greatly improved the performance, productive and communication. Although technology has improved the way we do business it has not been without its challenges. Recently, several organizations have fallen victim to cyber-attacks by pranksters, criminal syndicates or foreign governmental agencies. Companies spend billions of dollars in security software in an attempt to secure their company’s information and the information of its customers. The growth or decline of an organization could increase or decrease if a company is exposed due to the lack of proper security policies. A Value-Based Leader would have to devise a stagey to review the company’s policies and procedures in order to prevent such things from happening. Although, security breaches are a growing trend within business it’s how the leadership of an organization handle these matters could define the direction in which the organization could take in the fall out. Most Competency Based leaders have an understanding of the mission of an organization and the things may lack can most often be taught or learned over the course of time. The focus is on the need of the organization based on goal set by management which could be totally focused on customer service or employee relations. In the newest challenges of an organization, the ability to adjust the changing demands and needs of an organization is a defining trait of a good Value Based leader. I strongly believe that leaders who are chosen for their competencies could also demonstrate servant leadership qualities if this attribute is cultivated as well as the individual have a heart to serve. Service is often a matter of the heart and a person would have to walk in humility in order to truly be able to demonstrate servant leadership qualities. So often in the corporate world, people are focused on the mission of the organization, output and quantity rather than quality. A servant leader focuses on the moral and well-being of their employees which can contribute to increase productivity, quality customer service and increase profits for an organization. A Competency-Based leader could be taught good interpersonal skills in order to learn to deal with the growing diversity of a workplace. This will help them to learn the qualities of service by learning to deal with different personality, attitudes and cultures. I believe Servant Leadership is something that has the possibility to be taught to people with other leadership styles if they are truly open to learn how to serve. References Catherine Tymkiw (2012). Abercrombie Fitch falls out of fashion, CNNMONEY Retrieved from www. cnn. com/ money Nicole Perlroth and Evenly Ruslie (2012) Security Start-Ups Catch Fancy of Investors (P. A. ) Retrieved from www. newyorktimes. com

Tips On Commenting Student’s Writing For Teachers

Tips On Commenting Student’s Writing For Teachers How To Comment Student’s Writing And Not Demotivate ThemPerhaps every teacher can say that responding to a student’s writing is a time-consuming thing. That is what Nancy Sommers, a lecturer at Harvard Graduate School of Education and a founder of the Harvard Writing Project, says.She believes that responding to the writing can exhaust much more than other parts of teaching. She makes such a conclusion after her great research on responding to the student’s writing, which has lasted tens of years. Sometimes students just don’t know what to do with those comments.Sommers states that the responding is very important as it may influence a development of a student’s writing skills. Therefore, a teacher should know what to say to their students and how.Comments Does Not Always HelpA teacher uses comments to show a student where their arguments are fine and where they should revise their paper. However, a student may not understand what to do next. And h ere is why.Comments may contradictA teacher may make corrections on your grammar and offer to think over the idea a little bit more. Here a student cannot understand what a teacher wants them to do. If a part of a text should be changed, then is it relevant to talk about grammar if the text is going to be rewritten?Comments are vagueTeachers want their students provide an exact idea with clear facts. However, if a paper seems not exact for a teacher, they can ask you to be more specific. But how can a student be specific if a teacher is not?Anyway, it all seems like a teacher wants you to write a paper as they want. Then why do you have to want to keep on writing?How To Teach With CommentsIf a teacher would like to avoid moments mentioned above, they should ask themselves what they want their students to learn and how their comments can help those students with that, Sommers says. A big number of comments may not help students understand all the mistakes. And here is what Sommers su ggests.Comments on the first and the final drafts should be different.As for the first draft, a teacher should check where the paper is and where a students should move with their research. A teacher can suggest strengthening or reorganizing the arguments. When the final draft is ready, a teacher should concentrate on strong and weak points of a paper and give some tips on further writing.Fixing grammar is not a first thing to do.A teacher should not correct every grammatical mistake. Otherwise, a student may be distracted from other, much bigger problems in their paper. Besides, there is no guarantee a student will remember those grammar rules in the future.It would be better to make notes on common mistakes a student does. Thus, they can see what they have problems with, and concentrate on their solving. A teacher can also give some grammar assignment based on a student’s mistakes to help them improve their knowledge.â€Å"Cooperate† with studentsA teacher’s c omments may influence a student better when there is a communication, not just giving instructions. When students hand in their papers, a teacher can ask them to write kind of a letter where they ask to comment on specific parts of the paper. Later, students can also write a short answer where they explain how they are going to use a teacher’s feedback, that is what they will change and how exactly.Explain what comments are forMany students do not understand why teachers leave comments on their papers. At the beginning of a term—the sooner the better—a teacher should explain that the feedback will help them improve their papers, and what that feedback will be like.Use a classroom languageWhen teachers work with students, they build their own sort of communication so that they all understand each other clearly. That is why comments on a paper should use the same language. Therefore, students will easier perceive information and understand what they need to do.Enc ouraging helpsIt may concern freshmen more. They are new to college life and rules. A paper may be their first serious writing, and a teacher has to know how to motivate students. Apart from highlighting major mistakes, a teacher should show strong points of a paper too. In that case, a students will see they are moving the right way, but there are some things they should pay attention to.